Language: IT

Dread Atlas

Tracing horror from myth to screen.

Every horror film has ancestors. Dread Atlas reconstructs the stories, beliefs, monsters and fears that existed before the screen, following their transformations through literature, folklore, censorship and cinema.

Try: vurdalak · Black Sabbath · Tolstoy · dubbing

38 entries · 144 documented relations · 4 films · 4 creatures · 3 sources

Featured dossier · DA·F·0001 Black Sabbath · 1963 · I tre volti della paura The anthology film in which Mario Bava and Boris Karloff move through three forms of fear—the domestic deception, the vampire who returns to his loved ones, and the revenge of the dead—and whose American version rewrites its meaning. 28 connections · 8 timeline events Open the dossier
01 · Dossier

A network around one film

Black Sabbath anchors this first editorial cluster: each node is an entry, and each line a relation with its own reliability level.

Connections graph for Black Sabbath: 18 direct connections and 14 further links. Black Sabbath La famiglia del Vurdalak SOURCE Vurdalak CREATURE Vampire CREATURE Revenant CREATURE The family vampire MOTIF The vampire child MOTIF Theft from the dead MOTIF The threatening telephone MOTIF The sound that announces th… MOTIF The threshold and invitation BELIEF OR RITUAL Mario Bava PERSON Boris Karloff PERSON American International Pict… PERSON A. K. Tolstoy PERSON Anton Chekhov PERSON Guy de Maupassant PERSON Dubbing GLOSSARY Italian Gothic COLLECTION Black Sunday Alternate cut Films changed by dubbing I tre volti della paura vs … The Vurdalak, from folklore… Night of the Devils Sem’ja vurdalakov Vienna La Guzla Eastern Europe Literary adaptation The Chekhov credit: a sourc… Vampires of Eastern Europe Strigoi
Hover over or select a node to highlight its links. Dashed lines indicate weak or unproven connections.
  • Film
  • Creature · ritual
  • Motif
  • Source
  • Person
  • Weak link
02 · Explore by creature

Comparative bestiary

Creature DA·C·0003

Revenant

Area
Medieval England, Western Europe
Earliest attestations
Twelfth-century English chronicles

The returning dead: a broad category for the dead who physically return among the living, attested in medieval chronicles long before the vampire.

Creature DA·C·0004

Strigoi

Area
Romania, Moldavia
Earliest attestations
Nineteenth-century folklore collections

A figure in Romanian folklore: a restless soul or body, living or dead, associated with unusual births and irregular deaths. Often conflated with the cinematic vampire.

Creature DA·C·0002

Vampire

Area
Balkans, Central Europe
Earliest attestations
1725 (Kisiljevo case)

The dead who return to feed on the living. The term entered European languages in the eighteenth century through Habsburg administrative reports on Serbian cases.

Creature DA·C·0001

Vurdalak

Area
Russia, Balkans
Earliest attestations
19th century (literary form)

A dead person who returns and feeds first on those closest to them. Less a folkloric term than a nineteenth-century Russian literary form, made familiar by cinema.

All creatures →

03 · Explore by motif

Recurring motifs

04 · Explore by place · 09 · Map

The geography of horror

Folklore, documents, literature and production on one map. Toggle the layers on or off.

Layers
Map of Europe with 5 atlas locations. Eastern Europe Kisiljevo Medveđa Rome Vienna
Conformal conic projection · Natural Earth 1:50m boundaries · locations are linked to creatures, sources and films
05 · Explore by historical period

Layers of time

  1. Before 1800Chronicles, trials and reports on vampires7 references
  2. 1800–1899Romanticism, fantastic tales and folkloric fabrications12 references
  3. 1900–1959Silent cinema, Universal and early scholarship3 references
  4. 1960–1979Italian Gothic, AIP, dubbing and alternate versions11 references
  5. 1980 onwardHome video, restorations and new versions2 references
06 · The two versions compared

Same images, another film

I tre volti della pauraItalian release · 1963
  1. Il telefono
  2. I Wurdalak
  3. La goccia d’acqua
Black SabbathAIP release · US 1964
  1. La goccia d’acqua
  2. Il telefono
  3. I Wurdalak
  • Episode orderIl telefono → I Wurdalak → La goccia d’acquaLa goccia d’acqua → Il telefono → I Wurdalak PRIM: Primary source
  • Karloff’s introductionsOpening presentationOpening presentation and introductions to each episode DOC: Documented
  • Film endingBreak in the illusion: the camera reveals the set and crewConventional sign-off, without revealing the set DOC: Documented
  • Episode genreThriller: the calls are a deceptionSupernatural story: Frank calls from beyond the grave DOC: Documented
Open the full comparison · 14 differences
07 · Bloodlines

The Vurdalak, from folklore to cinema

From eighteenth-century Serbian exhumations to a false Illyrian poem, from Pushkin to Tolstoy, from Bava to later adaptations: the lineage of a family monster.

1725 The Kisiljevo case 1732 Visum et Repertum 1746 Dom Calmet’s treatise 1819 The Vampyre (Polidori) 1827 La Guzla (Mérimée) 1835 Pushkin, «Vurdalak» 1839 La famiglia del Vurdalak 1963 I tre volti della paura 1964 Black Sabbath (AIP) 1972 La notte dei diavoli 1990 Sem’ja vurdalakov
  1. 1725
    The Kisiljevo case DOC: Documented
  2. 1732
    Visum et Repertum PRIM: Primary source ← The Kisiljevo case
  3. 1746
    Dom Calmet’s treatise DOC: Documented ← Visum et Repertum
  4. 1819
    The Vampyre (Polidori) SIM: Unproven similarity ← Dom Calmet’s treatise

    The aristocratic vampire: a parallel branch.

  5. 1827
    La Guzla (Mérimée) ATTR: Critical attribution ← Visum et Repertum

    A literary hoax that reworks accounts of Balkan vampires.

  6. 1835
    Pushkin, «Vurdalak» DOC: Documented ← La Guzla (Mérimée)
  7. 1839
    La famiglia del Vurdalak ATTR: Critical attribution ← Pushkin, «Vurdalak», Visum et Repertum

    Composition date; published in 1884.

  8. 1963
    I tre volti della paura DOC: Documented ← La famiglia del Vurdalak
  9. 1964
    Black Sabbath (AIP) DOC: Documented ← I tre volti della paura
  10. 1972
    La notte dei diavoli SIM: Unproven similarity ← La famiglia del Vurdalak, I tre volti della paura

    A debt to Bava has not been demonstrated.

  11. 1990
    Sem’ja vurdalakov DOC: Documented ← La famiglia del Vurdalak
08 · New connections added

Recent connections

10 · Timeline

From 1725 to restoration

  1. 1198 History

    William of Newburgh collects stories of the returning dead

    DOC: Documented
  2. 1725 History

    The case of Petar Blagojević at Kisiljevo appears in the Viennese press

    DOC: Documented
  3. 1732 History

    The Visum et Repertum report on the Medvedja case

    PRIM: Primary source
  4. 1732 History

    In Serbian cases, alleged vampires attack relatives and neighbours

    PRIM: Primary source
  5. 1746 Scholarship

    Dom Calmet publishes his treatise on apparitions and vampires

    DOC: Documented
  6. 1819 Literature

    John Polidori’s The Vampyre: the aristocratic vampire emerges

    DOC: Documented
  7. 1827 Literature

    Mérimée publishes La Guzla, a collection of fabricated Illyrian songs featuring vampires

    DOC: Documented
  8. 1835 Literature

    Pushkin publishes Songs of the Western Slavs, including the poem «Vurdalak»

    ATTR: Critical attribution
  9. 1839 Literature

    A. K. Tolstoy writes «La Famille du Vourdalak» in French

    ATTR: Critical attribution
  10. 1884 Literature

    A. K. Tolstoy’s The Family of the Vourdalak appears in Russian

    DOC: Documented
  11. 1884 Literature

    The story is first published in Russian translation

    DOC: Documented
  12. 1884 Literature

    Tolstoy makes family contagion the story’s central idea

    DOC: Documented
  13. 1897 Literature

    Bram Stoker’s Dracula

    DOC: Documented
  14. 1960 Cinema

    La maschera del demonio: Bava’s first credited film, distributed in the US by AIP

    DOC: Documented
  15. 1963 Cinema

    Bava brings the Vurdalak to the screen in I tre volti della paura

    DOC: Documented
  16. 1963 Cinema

    Italian release of I tre volti della paura

    DOC: Documented
  17. 1963 Cinema

    Gorca calls his family to him in I tre volti della paura

    DOC: Documented
  18. 1964 Versions

    US release as Black Sabbath, re-edited and re-dubbed by AIP

    DOC: Documented
  19. 1969 Cinema

    A band from Birmingham adopts the name Black Sabbath

    DICH: Stated by the author
  20. 1972 Cinema

    Giorgio Ferroni’s La notte dei diavoli returns to Tolstoy’s story

    ATTR: Critical attribution
  21. 2007 Scholarship

    Tim Lucas publishes the monograph «Mario Bava: All the Colors of the Dark»

    DOC: Documented

All timelines →

11 · Latest editorial updates

From the Journal and revisions

  1. Black Sabbath — Reclassified the Chekhov and Maupassant attributions as «Unproven resemblance».
  2. The Chekhov credit: a source that cannot be found — Published.
  3. I tre volti della paura vs Black Sabbath — First draft of the comparison.
  4. The Vurdalak, from folklore to cinema — First draft.
  5. Vurdalak — First draft.
  6. La famiglia del Vurdalak — First draft.